Mechanical duplicators
In 1986 the RISO Kagaku Corporation introduced the Digital duplicator. It uses the duplicator technology but improves on it. It improves upon the mimeo machine in that the operator does not have to create the stencil. The stencil, called a master is made by use of a scanner and thermal print head. Also the master is automatically removed as a new one is created and placed in a disposal box. This way the operator should not have to touch the used master material that is coated in ink.
There are also cost advantages over a copier the higher the volume. The main cost is in the master material. This ranges between .40–.80 cents per master depending on the manufacturer. When spread over 20 or more copies the cost per copy (2 to 4 cents) is close to photocopiers. But for every copy the costs decrease. At 1,000 prints the master cost per copy is only .0004–.0008 cents per copy.
Other manufacturers have adapted the technology including:

Riso Kagaku Corporation
Duplo
Gestetner
Ricoh